Uncertainty, pressure and culture block weak signals to leaders

Psychological safety is core risk infrastructure

Leadership support and resistance to change are the biggest barriers

Silence and lack of challenge are leading indicators of risk blindness

Clear decision pathways and cross-line collaboration speed escalation

Equip middle managers with authority, protection and practical tools

Assurance should enable and observe behaviour as well as controls

Boards need human-centred oversight questions and learning loops

90-day wins show faster decisions and stronger visibility